Stamp9G45
Technical Reference
Copyright © 2011 taskit GmbH
All rights to this documentation and to the product(s) described herein are reserved by taskit GmbH.
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Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Scope
- 3. Overview of Technical Characteristics
- 4. Hardware Description
- 1. Mechanics
- 2. AT91SAM9G45 Processor Core
- 3. Memory
- 4. Bus Matrix
- 5. Advanced Interrupt Controller (AIC)
- 6. Battery Backup
- 7. Reset Controller (RSTC)
- 8. Serial Number
- 9. Peripheral Input/Output Controller (PIO)
- 10. Clock Generation
- 11. Power Management Controller (PMC)
- 12. Real-time Timer (RTT)
- 13. Timer Counter (TC)
- 14. Periodic Interval Timer (PIT)
- 15. Watchdog Timer
- 16. Real-time Clock (RTC)
- 17. True Random Number Generator (TRNG)
- 18. Peripheral DMA Controller (PDC)
- 19. Debug Unit (DBGU)
- 20. JTAG Unit
- 21. Two-wire Interface (TWI)
- 22. Multimedia Card Interface (MCI)
- 23. USB Host Port (UHP)
- 24. USB Device Port (UDP)
- 25. Ethernet MAC (EMAC)
- 26. Universal Sychronous Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter (USART)
- 27. Synchronous Peripheral Interface (SPI)
- 28. Synchronous Serial Controller (SSC)
- 29. AC97 Controller (AC97C)
- 30. Image Sensor Interface (ISI)
- 31. LCD controller
- 32. Touch Screen ADC Controller (TSADCC)
- 5. Design Considerations
- A. Peripheral Color Codes
- B. Peripheral Identifiers
- C. Address Map (Physical Address Space)
- D. Stamp9G45 Pin Assignment
- E. Stamp9G45 Electrical Characteristics
- F. Stamp9G45 Clock Characteristics
- G. Stamp9G45 Environmental Ratings
- H. Stamp9G45 Dimensions
- I. Starterkit Schematics
List of Figures
List of Tables
- 4.1. Bus Matrix Masters
- 4.2. Bus Matrix Slaves
- 4.3. AT91SAM9G45 Clocks
- 4.4. AC97 I/O Lines
- 4.5. LCDC palette entry
- 4.6. LCDC 24 bit memory organization
- B.1. Peripheral Identifiers
- C.1. Physical Address Space
- D.1. Pin Assignment BUS Interface
- D.2. Pin Assignment IO Interface
- E.1. Electrical Characteristics
- F.1. Clock Characteristics
- G.1. Environmental Ratings
The Stamp9G45 is intended to be used as a small size "intelligent" CPU module as well as a universal Linux CPU card. It can be used anywhere where restricted energy and space requirements play a role. The design of the Stamp9G45 is limited to the processors core needs like DDRAM and Flash, thus giving the customer a wide-ranged choice of configurations of the peripherals and environment. Featuring an integrated LCD/TFT and touch controller applications with graphical needs can be realized cost-efficient and individually.
The Stamp9G45 has all the necessary interfaces to support a huge variety of peripheral devices. Equipped with a 16-Bit parallel bus it gives fast access to a number of chips and additional devices.
The ARM architecture as a modern and widely supported processor architecture is currently the platform of choice for medium performance embedded devices. Almost all major processor manufacturers have ARM products in their portfolio.
The availability of the widespread operating system "Linux" for the ARM platform opens access to a broad range of software, including tools, drivers, and software libraries. Programs written for ARM can easily be employed on the PC platform for testing and debugging.
Examples of actual or potential applications are: protocol converters, measuring and test equipment, data-logging, as well as simple or more complex control and automation tasks.
This document describes the most important hardware features of the Stamp9G45. It includes all informations necessary to develop a customer specific hardware for the Stamp9G45. The Operating System Linux is described in a further document.
The manual comprises only a brief description of the AT91SAM9G45 processor, as this is already described in depth in the manual of the manufacturer Atmel. Descriptions of the ARM core ARM926EJ‑S are available from Atmel and also at http://www.arm.com. It is much recommended to have a look at these documents for a thorough understanding of the processor and its integrated peripherals.
Table of Contents
Atmel AT91SAM9G45 Embedded Processor featuring an ARM926EJ-S™ ARM® Thumb® Core
CPU Clock 400 MHz
32KB Instruction Cache
32KB Data Cache
Memory Management Unit (MMU)
3.3V Supply Voltage, 1.8V Memory Bus Voltage, 1.0V Core Voltage
128 MB NAND flash memory (optional up to 1GB)
128 MB LPDDR-SDRAM (optional up to 512 MB)
64 KB SRAM
128 Bytes EEPROM
Onboard Micro-SD Card Slot
2x 100-pin fine-pitch low-profile Connectors (Hirose FX8)
Ethernet 10/100 Mbit MAC
USB 2.0 High Speed Host
USB 2.0 Full Speed OTG (USB-On-the-Go)
USB 2.0 High Speed Device
Four USARTs
One UART
One Synchronous Serial Controller (SSC, I2S)
One Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)
Two Two Wire Interface (TWI, I2C)
One High Speed MultiMedia Card Interface
Three PWM
4-wire Touch Controller
AC'97 Sound Controller
LCD/TFT Controller (1280 x 860 pixels)
JTAG debug port
Digital Ports - up to 100 available
Control Signals: IRQs, BMS, SHDN, WKUP
Two Programmable Clocks
Image Sensor Interface
Analog-to-Digital Converter
16-Bit parallel CPU-Bus
Some of the various functions are realized by multiplexing connector pins; therefore not all functions may be used at the same time (see Appendix D, Stamp9G45 Pin Assignment)).
Three 16-Bit Timer/Counter
True Random Number Generator
Real Time Timer (RTT), with battery backup support
RTC
Periodic Interval Timer (PIT)
Watchdog Timer (WDT)
Unique Hardware Serial Number
Table of Contents
- 1. Mechanics
- 2. AT91SAM9G45 Processor Core
- 3. Memory
- 4. Bus Matrix
- 5. Advanced Interrupt Controller (AIC)
- 6. Battery Backup
- 7. Reset Controller (RSTC)
- 8. Serial Number
- 9. Peripheral Input/Output Controller (PIO)
- 10. Clock Generation
- 11. Power Management Controller (PMC)
- 12. Real-time Timer (RTT)
- 13. Timer Counter (TC)
- 14. Periodic Interval Timer (PIT)
- 15. Watchdog Timer
- 16. Real-time Clock (RTC)
- 17. True Random Number Generator (TRNG)
- 18. Peripheral DMA Controller (PDC)
- 19. Debug Unit (DBGU)
- 20. JTAG Unit
- 21. Two-wire Interface (TWI)
- 22. Multimedia Card Interface (MCI)
- 23. USB Host Port (UHP)
- 24. USB Device Port (UDP)
- 25. Ethernet MAC (EMAC)
- 26. Universal Sychronous Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter (USART)
- 27. Synchronous Peripheral Interface (SPI)
- 28. Synchronous Serial Controller (SSC)
- 29. AC97 Controller (AC97C)
- 30. Image Sensor Interface (ISI)
- 31. LCD controller
- 32. Touch Screen ADC Controller (TSADCC)
The Stamp9G45 was designed as a flexible CPU-Module, which can be connected to base boards via 2x 100-pin fine pitch low profile Hirose ® FX8 connectors
The size of the Stamp9G45's PCB is only 53.6x38x6.0 mm fitting it in even the smallest design. While having implemented the sensible CPU, DDRAM and Flash design it still exports almost all possible CPU-Pins on it's connectors to allow a flexible design on base boards
The Stamp9G45 has an on-board Micro SD-Card slot, thus supporting even large memories needs in its compact design
The AT91SAM9G45 runs at 400 MHz with a memory bus frequency of 132 MHz.
Here are some of the most important features of the SAM9G45 ARM926EJ-S core:
32 Kbyte Data Cache, 32 Kbyte Instruction Cache, Write Buffer
Two 32 Bit Data Bus
ARM v4 and v5 Memory Management Unit (MMU)
ARM v5 32-bit Instruction Set, ARM Thumb 16-bit Instruction Set supported
DSP Instruction Extensions
ARM Jazelle® Technology for Java® Acceleration
EmbeddedICE™ Debug Communication Channel Support
Some of these features - like Jazelle - are currently not supported by the operating system of the product.
The Stamp9G45 is equipped with two 32-Bit external bus interfaces, EBI0 and EBI1. Only a 16-Bit bus of EBI0 is exported on the interface connectors of the Stamp9G45. The memory bus voltage is 1.8 V and runs at 133 MHz. The memory bus voltage is different from normal operating voltage, which is 3.3 V. This has to be considered, when designing additional peripherals connected to the memory bus. Eventually buffer chips are necessary.
The Stamp9G45 is equipped with a 128 MB NAND flash with 100000 erase and write cycles.It is organized in 128KB blocks. Customer specific adaptations are possible up to 1 GB on-board NAND flash. It is connected to chip select three (NCS3) of the microcontroller.
NAND flash has a different organisation of transistors than the commonly used NOR flash. While it allows a much higher density and thus an increase in storage capacity, there are some differences which need to be kept in mind.
Typically, NAND flash is organized in pages and blocks, similar to hard disks. Pages are 512, 2048 or 4096 bytes in size, typical block sizes are 16, 128, 256 or 512 KB. Reading and programming are performed on a page basis. Programming can only be done sequently in one block.
Additionally, NAND flash requires bad block management, either by the driver software or by a separate controller chip. Most NAND devices are shipped with bad blocks. These are identified and marked according to a specified bad block strategy. Further bad blocks may be detected during runtime. They are detected via an ECC (error correcting code). If a bad block is detected, the data is written to a different, good block, and the bad block table is updated. So the overall memory capacity gradually shrinks as more and more blocks are marked bad.
This error detection is done by software like U-boot and Linux. Additionally, NAND flash is subject to a limited number of write and erase cycles. These are typically 100.000 cycles per block. So it is highly recomended to use wear levelling filesystems.
The Stamp9G45 is equipped with 128MB LPDDR-SDRAM (Low power DDR-SDRAM). Customer specific adaptations allow configurations up to 512MB. In 128MB and 256MB configurations, the LPDDR-SDRAM is connected to EBI0. The external Bus is not affected. In 512MB configuration 256MB of the LPDDR-SDRAM are connected to chip select one (NCS1) of the micrcontroller's EBI1.
DDR-SDRAM allows random access to any of its memory area and is volatile memory. DDR-SDRAM (Double Data Rate) takes over data at the rising and falling edge of a clock pulse, thus achieving almost twice the bandwidth than a similar connected SDRAM. It has a synchronous interface, that means it waits for a clock signal before responding to control inputs and is therefore synchronized with the CPU bus. The clock is used to drive a final state machine in the chip, which allows to accept new instructions, before the previous one has finished executing.
The Stamp9G45 is equipped with a 128 bytes EEPROM, connected to the Dallas™ 1 wire bus.
EEPROM stands for Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory and is non-volatile memory, which is used to store small amounts of data like calibration or configuration data. EEPROMS are byte-wise erasable, thus allowing true random access.
The bus matrix of AT91SAM-controllers allows many master and slave devices to be connected independently of each other. Each master has a decoder and can be defined specially for each master. This allows concurrent access of masters to their slaves (provided the slave is available).
The bus matrix is thus the bridge between external devices connected to the EBI, the microcontroller's embedded peripherals and the CPU core.
| Master 0 | ARM926™ Instruction |
| Master 1 | ARM926™ Data |
| Master 2 | PDC |
| Master 3 | USB HOST OHCI |
| Master 4 | DMA |
| Master 5 | DMA |
| Master 6 | ISI Controller DMA |
| Master 7 | LCD DMA |
| Master 8 | Ethernet MAC DMA |
| Master 9 | USB Device High Speed DMA |
| Master 10 | USB Host High Speed EHCI DMA |
| Master 11 | Reserved |
Table 4.1. Bus Matrix Masters
| Slave 0 | Internal SRAM |
| Slave 1 | Internal ROM |
| USB OHCI | |
| USB EHCI | |
| UDP High Speed RAM | |
| LCD User Interface | |
| Reserved | |
| Slave 2 | DDR Port 0 |
| Slave 3 | DDR Port 1 |
| Slave 4 | DDR Port 2 |
| Slave 5 | DDR Port 3 |
| Slave 6 | External Bus Interface |
| Slave 7 | Internal Peripherals |
Table 4.2. Bus Matrix Slaves
The core features of the Advanced Interrupt Controller are:
32 Internal or External Interrupt Sources
8-level Priority Controller
Level Sensitive or Edge Triggered
Programmable Polarity for External Sources
Moreover, all PIO lines can be used to generate a PIO interrupt. However, the PIO lines can only generate level change interrupts, that is, positive as well as negative edges will generate an interrupt. The PIO interrupt itself (PIO to AIC line) is usually programmed to be level-sensitive. Otherwise interrupts will be lost if multiple PIO lines source an interrupt simultaneously.
On the Stamp9G45 only GPIO interrupts are available. The list of peripheral identifiers, which are used to program the AIC can be found in Table B.1, “Peripheral Identifiers”
The following parts of the AT91SAM9G45 Processor can be backed-up by a battery:
Slow Clock Oscillator
Real Time Timer
Reset Controller
Shutdown Controller
RTC
General Purpose Backup Registers
It is recommended to always use a backup power supply (normally a battery) in order to speed up the boot-up time and to avoid reset problems.
The embedded microcontroller has an integrated Reset Controller which samples the backup and the core voltage. The presence of a backup voltage (VDDBU) when the card is powered down speeds up the boot time of the microcontroller.
Every Stamp9G45 has a unique 48-bit hardware serial number chip which can be used by application software. The chip is a Dallas® one-wire-chip. A Linux driver is provided. Additionally it functions as the 128 Byte EEPROM.
The Stamp9G45 has a maximum of 105 freely programmable digital I/O ports on its connectors. These pins are also used by other peripheral devices.
The Parallel Input/Output Controller(PIO) manages up to 32 programmable I/O ports. Each I/O port is associated with a bit number in the 32 bit register of the user interface. Each I/O port may be configured for general purpose I/O or assigned to a function of an integrated peripheral device. In doing so multiplexing with multiple integrated devices is possible. That means a pin may be used as GPIO or only as one of the peripheral functions. The PIO Controller also features a synchronous output providing up to 32 bits of data output in a single write operation.
The following characteristics are individually configurable for each PIO pin:
PIO enable
Peripheral enable
Output enable
Output level
Write Enable
Level change interrupt
Glitch filter: pulses that are lower than a half clock cycle are ignored
Open-drain outputs
Pull-up resistor
All configurations as well as the pin status can be read back by using the appropriate status register. Multiple pins of each PIO can also be written simultaneously by using the synchronous output register.
For interrupt handling, the PIO Controllers are considered as user peripherals. This means that the PIO Controller interrupt lines are connected among the interrupt sources 2 to 31. Refer to the PIO Controller peripheral identifier Table B.1, “Peripheral Identifiers” to identify the interrupt sources dedicated to the PIO Controllers. The PIO Controller interrupt can be generated only if the PIO Controller clock is enabled.
A number of the PIO signals might be used internally on the module. Care has to be taken when accessing the PIO registers in order not to change the settings of these internal signals, otherwise a system crash is likely to happen.
The AT91SAM9G45 has no PLLB, but provides the 480 MHz USB Clock via a UPLL.
The CPU generates its clock signals based on two crystal oscillators: One slow clock (SLCK) oscillator running at 32.768 KHz and one main clock oscillator running at 18.432 MHz. The slow clock oscillator also serves as the time base for the real time timer. It draws a minimum of current (a few micro-Amps) and can therefore be backeded up by a small lithium battery when the board is powererd down.
From the main clock oscillator, the CPU generates two further clocks by using two PLLs. PLLA provides the processor clock (PCK) and the master clock (MCK). PLLB typically provides the 48 MHz USB clock and is normally used only for this purpose. The clocks of most peripherals are derived from MCK. These include EBI, USART, SPI, TWI, SSC, PIT and TC.
Some peripherals like the programmable clocks and the timer counters (TC) can also run on SLCK. The real time timer (RTT) always runs on SLCK.
| Clock | Frequency | Source |
|---|---|---|
| PCK (Processor Clock) | 800 MHz | PLLA |
| MCK (Master Clock) | 133 MHz | PCK/3 |
| USB Clock | 480 MHz | UPLL |
| Slow Clock | 32.768 KHz | Slow Clock Oscillator |
Table 4.3. AT91SAM9G45 Clocks
The PMC has a Peripheral Clock register which allows to individually enable or disable the clocks of all integrated peripherals by using their "Peripheral Identifier" (see Table B.1, “Peripheral Identifiers”). The System Clock register allows to enable or disable each of the following clocks individually:
Processor Clock
ISI Clock
USB Host Clock (common for both channels)
USB Device Clock
Programmable Clocks
The PMC status register provides "Clock Ready" or, respectively, "PLL Lock" status bits for each of these clocks. An interrupt is generated when any of these bits changes from 0 to 1. The PMC provides status flags for the
Main Oscillator
Master Clock
PLLA
PLLB
Programmable Clocks
The Main Oscillator frequency can be measured by using the PMC Main Clock Frequency register. The SLCK is used as reference for the measurement.
Using power management can dramatically reduce the power consumption of an Embedded Device. Via the PMC various clocks can be disabled or their speed can be reduced:
stopping the PLLs (PLLA and / or PLLB)
stopping the clocks of the various peripherals
reducing the clock rates of peripherals, especially by changing MCK.
The PMC supports the following power-saving features: Idle mode and power-down mode. Please note that not every operating system supports these modes.
Idle Mode. In idle mode, the processor clock will be re-enabled by any interrupt. The peripherals, however, are only able to generate an interrupt if they still have a clock, so care has to be taken as to when a peripheral can be powered down.
Power-down Mode. In many cases a system waits for a user action or some other rare event. In such a case, it is possible to change MCK to SLCK. Any external event which changes the state on peripheral pins (not the USB) can then be detected by the PIO controller or the AIC.
It should also be taken into account that when a PLL is stopped it will take some time to restart it. Changing the PLL frequencies or stopping them can therefore be done only at a moderate rate. If short reaction times are required, this is not a choice.
Additionally, the following measures can reduce power consumption considerably:
switching off the TFT supply voltage
putting peripheral chips like Ethernet controller and / or PHY or serial driver devices in power down mode
putting the SDRAM into self-refresh mode
The Real-time Timer is a 32-bit counter combined with a 16-bit prescaler running at Slow Clock (SLCK = 32768 Hz). As the RTT keeps running if only the backup supply voltage is available, it is used as a Real-time clock.
The RTT can generate an interrupt every time the prescaler rolls over. Usually the RTT is configured to generate an interrupt every second, so the prescaler will be programmed with the value 7FFFh.
The RTT can also generate an alarm if a preprogrammed 32-bit value is reached by the counter.
The Stamp9G45 features two blocks of timer counters with three counters each. Due to multiplexing four timer counters may be used with external signals.
The TC consists of three independent 16-bit Timer/Counter units. They may be cascaded to form a 32-bit or 48-bit timer/counter. The timers can run on the internal clock sources MCK/2, MCK/8, MCK/32, MCK/128, SLCK or the output of another timer channel. External clocks may be used as well as the counters can generate signals on timer events. They also can be used to generate PWM signals.
The PIT consists of a 20-bit counter running on MCK / 16. This counter can be preloaded with any value between 1 and 220. The counter increments until the preloaded value is reached. At this stage it rolls over and generates an interrupt. An additional 12-bit counter counts the interrupts of the 20 bit counter.
The PIT is intended for use as the operating system’s scheduler interrupt.
The watchdog timer is a 12-bit timer running at 256 Hz (Slow Clock / 128). The maximum watchdog timeout period is therefore equal to 16 seconds. If enabled, the watchdog timer asserts a hardware reset at the end of the timeout period. The application program must always reset the watchdog timer before the timeout is reached. If an application program has crashed for some reason, the watchdog timer will reset the system, thereby reproducing a well defined state once again.
The Watchdog Mode Register can be written only once. After a processor reset, the watchdog is already activated and running with the maximum timeout period. Once the watchdog has been reconfigured or deactivated by writing to the Watchdog Mode Register, only a processor reset can change its mode once again.
The Real-time clock combines a complete time-of-day clock with alarm, a two-hundred-year Gregorian calendar and a programmable periodic interrupt. The time and calendar values are coded in BCD format.
The True Random Generator (TRNG) passes the American NIST Special Publication 800-22 and the Diehard Random Tests Suites. It provides a 32-bit value every 84 clock cycles.
The Peripheral DMA Controller (PDC) transfers data between on-chip serial peripherals and the on- and/or off-chip memories. The PDC contains unidirectional and bidirectional channels. The full-duplex peripherals feature unidirectional channels used in pairs (transmit only or receive only). The half-duplex peripherals feature one bidirectional channel. Typically full-duplex peripherals are USARTs, SPI or SSC. The MCI is a half duplex device.
The user interface of each PDC channel is integrated into the user interface of the peripheral it serves. The user interface of unidirectional channels (receive only or transmit only), contains two 32-bit memory pointers and two 16-bit counters, one set (pointer, counter) for current transfer and one set (pointer, counter) for next transfer. The bidirectional channel user interface contains four 32-bit memory pointers and four 16-bit counters. Each set (pointer, counter) is used by current transmit, next transmit, current receive and next receive.
Using the PDC removes processor overhead by reducing its intervention during the transfer. This significantly reduces the number of clock cycles required for a data transfer, which improves microcontroller performance. To launch a transfer, the peripheral triggers its associated PDC channels by using transmit and receive signals. When the programmed data is transferred, an end of transfer interrupt is generated by the peripheral itself. There are four kinds of interrupts generated by the PDC:
End of Receive Buffer
End of Transmit Buffer
Receive Buffer Full
Transmit Buffer Empty
The "End of Receive Buffer" / "End of Transmit Buffer" interrupts signify that the DMA counter has reached zero. The DMA pointer and counter register will be reloaded from the reload registers ("DMA new pointer register" and "DMA new counter register") provided that the "DMA new counter register" has a non-zero value. Otherwise a "Receive Buffer Full" or, respectively, a "Transmit Buffer Empty" interrupt is generated, and the DMA transfer terminates. Both reload registers are set to zero automatically after having been copied to the DMA pointer and counter registers.
The Debug Unit is a simple UART which provides only RX/TX lines. It is used as a simple serial console for Firmware and Operating Systems.
The JTAG unit can be used for hardware diagnostics, hardware initialization, flash memory programming, and debug purposes. The JTAG unit supports two different modes, namely the "ICE Mode", and the "Boundary Scan" mode. It is normally jumpered for "ICE Mode".
JTAG interface devices are available for the unit. However, the use of them is not within the scope of this document.
The TWI is also known under the expression "I2C-Bus", which is a trademark of Philips and may therefore not be used by other manufacturers. However, interoperability is guaranteed. The TWI supports both master or slave mode.
The TWI uses only two lines, namely serial data (SDA) and serial clock (SCL). According to the standard, the TWI clock rate is limited to 400 kHz in fast mode and 100 kHz in normal mode, but configurable baud rate generator permits the output data rate to be adapted to a wide range of core clock frequencies.
The Stamp9G45 features a onboard Micro-SD-Card slot, which is connected to the MCI-B interface of the microcontroller. The MCI-A interface is provided for external additional use.
The MultiMedia Card Interface (MCI) supports the MultiMedia Card (MMC) Specification V3.11, the SDIO Specification V1.1 and the SD Memory Card Specification V1.0.
The MCI includes a command register, response registers, data registers, timeout counters and error detection logic that automatically handle the transmission of commands and, when required, the reception of the associated responses and data with a limited processor overhead. The MCI supports stream, block and multi-block data read and write, and is compatible with the Peripheral DMA Controller (PDC) channels, minimizing processor intervention for large buffer transfers.
The MCI operates at a rate of up to Master Clock divided by 2 and supports the interfacing of 2 slot(s). Each slot may be used to interface with a MultiMediaCard bus (up to 30 Cards) or with a SD Memory Card. Only one slot can be selected at a time (slots are multiplexed). A bit field in the SD Card Register performs this selection.
The SD Memory Card communication is based on a 9-pin interface (clock, command, four data and three power lines) and the MultiMedia Card on a 7-pin interface (clock, command, one data, three power lines and one reserved for future use). The SD Memory Card interface also supports MultiMedia Card operations. The main differences between SD and MultiMedia Cards are the initialization process and the bus topology.
In the current revision of the AT91SAM9G45 USB High speed is not working. It will work in the processor's next revision, which is expected in august 2011. The Stamp9G45 integrates two USB host ports supporting speeds up to 480 MBit/s. USB Host Port A is connected directly to the transceiver, USB Host Port B is multiplexed with the USB device port. Only one of them can be used at a time.
The controller is fully compliant with the Enhanced HCI(EHCI) specification. It supports both High-speed 480 Mbps and Full-speed 12 Mbps devices.
The USB Host Port (UHP) interfaces the USB with the host application. It handles Open HCI protocol (Open Host Controller Interface) as well as USB v2.0 Full-speed and Low-speed protocols.
The USB Host Port integrates a root hub and transceivers on downstream ports. It provides several high-speed half-duplex serial communication ports. Up to 127 USB devices (printer, camera, mouse, keyboard, disk, etc.) and an USB hub can be connected to the USB host in the USB "tiered star" topology.
In the current revision of the AT91SAM9G45 USB High speed is not working. It will work in the processor's next revision, which is expected in august 2011. The Stamp9G45 integrates one USB device port supporting speeds up to 480 MBit/s. It is multiplexed with the USB Host Port B. Only one of them can be used at a time.
The controller is fully compliant with the Enhanced HCI(EHCI) specification. It supports both High-speed 480 Mbps and Full-speed 12 Mbps devices.
The USB Device Port (UDP) is compliant with the Universal Serial Bus (USB) V2.0 full-speed device specification. The USB device port enables the product to act as a device to other host controllers.
The USB device port can also be implemented to power on the board. One I/O line may be used by the application to check that VBUS is still available from the host. Self-powered devices may use this entry to be notified that the host has been powered off. In this case, the pullup on DP must be disabled in order to prevent feeding current to the host. The application should disconnect the transceiver, then remove the pullup.
The EMAC module implements a 10/100 MBit/s Ethernet MAC compatible with the IEEE 802.3 standard using an address checker, statistics and control registers, receive and transmit blocks, and a DMA interface.
The address checker recognizes four specific 48-bit addresses and contains a 64-bit hash register for matching multicast and unicast addresses. It can recognize the broadcast address of all ones, copy all frames, and act on an external address match signal.
An individual 48-bit MAC address (ETHERNET hardware address) is allocated to each product. This number is stored in flash memory. It is recommended not to change the MAC address in order to comply with IEEE Ethernet standards.
To completely implement ethernet an additional physical layer interface is needed (PHY). A sample implementation is found on the Starterkit Board.
The Stamp9G45 has up to four independent USARTs, not including the debug unit.
The Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transceiver (USART) provides one full duplex universal synchronous asynchronous serial link. Data frame format is widely programmable (data length, parity, number of stop bits) to support a maximum of standards. The receiver implements parity error, framing error and overrun error detection. The receiver time-out enables handling variable-length frames and the transmitter timeguard facilitates communications with slow remote devices. Multidrop communications are also supported through address bit handling in reception and transmission.
The USART supports the connection to the Peripheral DMA Controller, which enables data transfers to the transmitter and from the receiver. The PDC provides chained buffer management without any intervention of the processor.
Six different modes are implemented within the USARTs:
Normal (standard RS232 mode)
RS485
Hardware Handshaking
ISO7816 Protocol: T=0 or T=1
IrDA
RS485. In RS485 operating mode the RTS pin is automatically driven high during transmit operations. If RTS is connected to the "enable" line of the RS485 driver, the driver will thus be enabled only during transmit operations.
Hardware Handshaking. The hardware handshaking feature enables an out-of-band flow control by automatic management of the pins RTS and CTS. The receive DMA channel must be active for this mode. The RTS signal is driven high if the receiver is disabled or if the DMA indicates a buffer full condition. As the RTS signal is connected to the CTS line of the connected device, its transmitter is thus prevented from sending any more characters.
ISO7816. The USARTs have an ISO7816-compatible mode which permits interfacing with smart cards and Security Access Modules (SAM). Both T=0 and T=1 protocols of the ISO7816 specification are supported.
IrDA. The USART features an infrared (IrDA) mode supplying half-duplex point-to-point wireless communication. It includes the modulator and demodulator which allows a glueless connection to the infrared transceivers. The modulator and demodulator are compliant with the IrDA specification version 1.1 and support data transfer speeds ranging from 2.4 kb/s to 115.2 kb/s.
Signals of the Serial Interfaces. All UARTs/USARTs have one receiver and one transmitter data line (full duplex). Not all USARTs are implemented with full modem control lines. Furthermore the available lines depend largely on the used multiplexing. Most modem control lines can be implemented with standard digital ports.
Hardware Interrupts. There are several interrupt sources for each USART:
Receive: RX Ready, (DMA) Buffer Full, End of Receive Buffer
Transmit: TX Ready, (DMA) Buffer Empty, End of Transmit Buffer, Shift Register Empty
Errors: overrun, parity, framing, and timeout errors
Handshake: the status of CTS has changed
Break: the receiver has detected a break condition on RXD
NACK: non acknowledge (ISO7816 mode only)
Iteration: the maximum number of repetitions has been reached (ISO7816 mode only)
Please refer to the chapter about the DMA unit (PDC) for a description of the "Buffer Full" and "End of Receive / Transmit Buffer" events.
The Stamp9G45 features two SPI ports, with four respectively one chipselect available.
The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) circuit is a synchronous serial data link that provides communication with external devices in Master or Slave Mode. It also enables communication between processors if an external processor is connected to the system.
The Serial Peripheral Interface is essentially a shift register that serially transmits data bits to other SPIs. During a data transfer, one SPI system acts as the "master" which controls the data flow, while the other devices act as "slaves" which have data shifted into and out by the master.
A slave device is selected when the master asserts its NSS signal. If multiple slave devices exist, the master generates a separate slave select signal for each slave (NPCS). The SPI system consists of two data lines and two control lines:
Master Out Slave In (MOSI): This data line supplies the output data from the master shifted into the input(s) of the slave(s).
Master In Slave Out (MISO): This data line supplies the output data from a slave to the input of the master. There may be no more than one slave transmitting data during any particular transfer.
Serial Clock (SPCK): This control line is driven by the master and regulates the flow of the data bits. The master may transmit data at a variety of baud rates; the SPCK line cycles once for each bit that is transmitted. The SPI baudrate is Master Clock (MCK) divided by a value between 1 and 255
Slave Select (NSS): This control line allows slaves to be turned on and off by hardware.
Each SPI Controller has a dedicated receive and transmit DMA channel.
The Stamp9G45 has one SSC interface available, depending on the multiplexing of the pins.
The SSC supports many serial synchronous communication protocols generally used in audio and telecom applications such as I2S, Short Frame Sync, Long Frame Sync, etc.
The SSC has separated receive and transmit channels. Each channel has a data, a clock and a frame synchronization signal (RD, RK, RF, resp. TD, TK, TF). Both a receive and a transmit DMA channel are assigned to each SSC.
AC97 Component Specification 2.2 compliant AC97 digital controller. It supports mono or stereo up to 20 bit sample length and features a sampling rate up to 48 KHz.
| Pin | Description | Type |
|---|---|---|
| AC97CK | 12.288-MHz bit-rate clock | Input |
| AC97RX | SDATA_IN | Input |
| AC97FS | 48-KHz frame indicator | Output |
| AC97TX | SDATA_OUT | Output |
Table 4.4. AC97 I/O Lines
The Image Sensor Interface (ISI) supports direct connection to the ITU-R BT. 601/656 8-bit mode compliant sensors and up to 12-bit grayscale sensors. It receives the image data stream from the image sensor on the 12-bit data bus. This module receives up to 12 bits for data, the horizontal and vertical synchronizations and the pixel clock. The reduced pin count alternative for synchronization is supported for sensors that embed SAV (start of active video) and EAV (end of active video) delimiters in the data stream.
The Image Sensor Interface interrupt line is generally connected to the Advanced Interrupt Controller and can trigger an interrupt at the beginning of each frame and at the end of a DMA frame transfer. If the SAV/EAV synchronization is used, an interrupt can be triggered on each delimiter event.
For 8-bit color sensors, the data stream received can be in several possible formats: YCbCr 4:2:2, RGB 8:8:8, RGB 5:6:5 and may be processed before the storage in memory. The data stream may be sent on both preview path and codec path if the bit CODEC_ON in the ISI_CR1 is one. To optimize the bandwidth, the codec path should be enabled only when a capture is required.
In grayscale mode, the input data stream is stored in memory without any processing. The 12-bit data, which represent the grayscale level for the pixel, is stored in memory one or two pixels per word, depending on the GS_MODE bit in the ISI_CR2 register. The codec datapath is not available when grayscale image is selected.
The LCD controller supports single and double scan monochrome and color passive STN LCD modules and single scan active TFT LCD modules with a resolution of up to 2048x2048 with a color depth of up 24 bits per pixel.
The LCD controller relies on a relatively simple frame buffer concept, which means that all graphics and character functions have to be implemented in software: character sets and graphic primitives are not integrated in the controller.
LCD cells (pixels) should not be subjected to DC power for prolonged periods of time, as chemical decomposition might take place. The LCD controller therefore provides for a strict AC control of the LCD pixels. To do so, the LCD controller has to be initialized appropriately. Switching on the LCD supply voltage therefore has to take place after the LCDC initialization or shortly before.
Accordingly, the LCDC should not be powered down without deactivating the LCD supply voltage. The same is true if the LCDC is stopped indirectly by stopping the respective clock source, namely the PLLA.
The LCD backlight supply is not involved in these considerations. It may switched on or off at any time independently of the state of the LCDC.
The LCDC Frame Buffer typically resides in the external RAM.
The LCDC video memory is organized as a frame buffer in a straight forward way. It supports color depths of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 24 bit per pixel. The video data is stored in a packed form with no unused bits in the video memory.
The color resolutions of 1, 2, 4, and 8 bpp (bits per pixel) use a palette table which is made up of 16-bit entries. The value of each pixel in the frame buffer serves as an index into the palette table. The value of the respective palette table entry is output to the display by the LCDC, see Table 4.5, “LCDC palette entry”.
The bits 2..0 of each color channel are not used in the palettized configuration — they are set to 0.
The same scheme as above is used in the 16-bit color resolution configuration, although in this case the frame buffer entry is output directly to the display instead of indexing a palette table.
In the 24-bit color resolution configuration, each frame buffer entry consists of one byte for each color, see Table 4.6, “LCDC 24 bit memory organization”.
| Bit[23..16] | Bit[15..8] | Bit[7..0] |
| Blue[7..0] | Green[7..0] | Red[7..0] |
Table 4.6. LCDC 24 bit memory organization
If the LCD Module has lower color resolution (fewer bits per color component), only the most significant bits of each component are used.
The Linux frame buffer driver offers a function which returns the information about the frame buffer structure including the assignment of each frame buffer bit to a color channel bit. It is recommended that graphics software uses this function in order to achieve a correct color representation.
The Stamp9G45 has additional to touch panel support three ADC channels available.
The Touch Screen ADC Controller is a 10-bit Analog-to-Digital Converter supporting resistive touch screen panels. It can be used as Touch Screen Controller, ADC or both supporting eight lines maximum. It integrates a 8-to-1 analog multiplexer for analog to digital conversions of up to 8 analog lines, four power switches that measure both axis positions and a pen-interrupt and pen-loss switch.
The conversions extend from 0V to TSADVREF, an external voltage reference for better accuracy. It supports 8-bit or 10-bit resolution mode. Every channel can be enabled and disabled seperately. It supports 10-bit 384 Ksamples/sec.
Table of Contents
The emac needs an aditional PHY design. The emac supports both, MII and RMII interface.
Please take care of the specific layout requirements of the Ethernet port when designing a base board. The two signals of the transmitter pair (ETX+ and ETX-) should be routed in parallel (constant distance, e.g. 0.5mm) with no vias on their way to the RJ45-jack. The same is true for the receiver pair (ERX+ and ERX-). No other signals should be crossing or get next to these lines. If a ground plane is used on the base board, it should be omitted in the vicinity of the Ethernet signals.
A 1nF / 2kV capacitor should be connected between board ground and chassis ground (which is usually connected to the shield of the RJ45-jack).
External Parts. A few external parts are required for the proper operation of the UHP:
No pull-down resistors are needed.
No series resistors are needed.
Small capacitors (e.g. 15pF) to ground on each line (optional).
ESD protection devices are recommended for applications which are subject to external contact. The restrictions with regard to capacitive loading have to be applied when selecting a protection device.
A circuit to generate the 5V VBUS supply voltage.
VBUS considerations for USB Host. A USB host port has to provide a supply voltage VBUS of 5V +- 5% which has to be able to source a maximum of 500mA, or 100mA in case of battery operation. Please refer to the appropriate rules in the USB specification. A low ESR capacitor of at least 120µF has to be provided on VBUS in order to avoid excessive voltage drops during current spikes.
VBUS has to have an over-current protection. The over-current drawn temporarily on VBUS must not exceed 5A. Polymeric PTCs or solid state switches are recommended by the specification. Suitable PPTCs are "MultiFuse" (Bourns), "PolyFuse" (Wickmann/Littelfuse), "PolySwitch" (Raychem/Tyco).
It is required that the over-current condition can be detected by software, so that VBUS can be switched off or be reduced in power in such a case.
Layout considerations. If external resistors are needed, they should be placed in the vicinity of the module's connector. The two traces of any of the differential pairs (USB-Host A+ and USB-Host A- , as well as USB-Host B+ and USB-Host B-) should not encircle large areas on the base board, in order to reduce signal distortion and noise. The are preferably routed closely in parallel to the USB connector.
USB High-Speed. If designing USB High-Speed a wave impedance of 90 Ω on the traces should be respected. The traces shoud be routed as short as possible and in parallel with as low parallel capacitance as possible.
External Parts. A few external parts are required for the proper operation of the UDP:
No pull-down resistors are needed.
No series resistors are needed.
A voltage divider on the 5V USB supply voltage VBUS converting this voltage to 3.3V (1.8V), e.g. 27 kΩ / 47 kΩ, for the VBUS monitoring input (USB_CNX).
ESD protection devices are recommended for applications which are subject to external contact. The restrictions with regard to capacitive loading have to be applied when selecting a protection device.
The USB specification demands a switchable pull-up resistor of 1.5 kΩ on USB-Device+ which identifies the UDP as a full speed device to the attached host controller. On this module, this resistor is integrated on the chip. It can be switched on or off using the "USB Pad Pull-up Control Register", which is part of the "Bus Matrix User Interface" (not the "USB Device Port User Interface", as one might expect). This pull-up resistor is required to be switchable in order not to source current to an attached but powered down host. This would otherwise constitute an irregular condition on the host. The software has to take care of this fact.
The capacitors are intended to improve the signal quality (edge rate control) depending on the specific design. They are not mandatory. The total capacitance to ground of each USB pin, the PCB trace to the series resistor, and the capacitor must not exceed 75pF.
Operation with VBUS as a Supply. Special care has to be taken if the module is powered by the VBUS supply. Please refer to the appropriate rules in the USB specification with regard to inrush current limiting and power switching. As the module draws more than 100mA in normal mode, it is a "high-power" device according to the specification (<100mA = "low-power", 100..500mA = "high-power"). It therefore requires staged switching which means that at power-up it should draw not more than 100mA on VBUS. The capacitive load of a USB device on VBUS should be not higher than 10µF.
Layout considerations. The external resistors should be placed in the vicinity of the module's connector. The traces of the differential pair (USB-Device+ and USB-Device- ) should not encircle large areas on the base board, in order to reduce signal distortion and noise. The are preferably routed closely in parallel to the USB connector.
On the Stamp9G45 the memory bus is driven with 1.8V. This affects the voltages of PIOC-controller pins, they are 1.8V as well. Not affected are the ADC-Channels, which have their own ADVREF. The VMEM pins on the module are pin one and two of the bus interface. If pins of PIOC or the memory bus are in use on the customer's design it is highly recommended to implement buffers on both memory bus and PIOC pins.
The memory bus is used inside of the module. It can be either 1.8V or 3.3V. The Vmem pin of the module is powered by the module itself. Do not power this pin externally to maintain inter-product dependencies. A difference between Vmem and VCC may also affect the behaviour of one PIO-controller of the respective module.
To connect 3.3V chips to the memory bus or to maintain compatibility between various products it is recommended to implement buffer chips on the memory bus externally, like shown in Figure 5.1, “Buffered Memory Bus (PIOC) 1.8V - 3.3V”
To connect 5V chips the same schematics can be used with suitable buffer chips.
This table matches the color used to identify various peripherals in tables.
| Power Supply/Ground |
| USART |
| Debug UART |
| TWI (I2C-Bus) |
| SD-Card/MMC |
| SPI |
| USB Host |
| USB Device |
| Reserved |
| Synhcronous Serial Controller (SSC) |
| JTAG |
| Control |
| Ethernet |
| Genral Purpose I/O Port |
| Programmable Clock Output |
| Analog-to-digital Converter |
| Timer Counter |
| Image Sensor Interface |
| LCD/TFT Controller Interface |
| Embedded Trace Macrocell |
| Static Memory Controller |
| Compact Flash Interface |
| Pulse Width Modulator |
| Touch Controller |
| Can Controller |
| AC97 Sound Interface |
| Encryption Device |
| Soft Modem |
| True Random Generator |
| ID | Mnemonic | Peripheral Name | External Interrupt |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | AIC | Advanced Interrupt Controller | FIQ |
| 1 | SYSC | System Controller Interrupt | |
| 2 | PIOA | Parallel I/O Controller A | |
| 3 | PIOB | Parallel I/O Controller B | |
| 4 | PIOC | Parallel I/O Controller C | |
| 5 | PIOD/PIOE | Parallel I/O Controller D/E | |
| 6 | TRNG | True Random Number Generator | |
| 7 | US0 | USART 0 | |
| 8 | US1 | USART 1 | |
| 9 | US2 | USART 2 | |
| 10 | US3 | USART 3 | |
| 11 | MCI0 | High Speed Multi Media Card Interface 0 | |
| 12 | TWI0 | Two-Wire Interface 0 | |
| 13 | TWI1 | Two-Wire Interface 1 | |
| 14 | SPI0 | Serial Peripheral Interface | |
| 15 | SPI1 | Serial Peripheral Interface | |
| 16 | SSC0 | Synchronous Serial Controller 0 | |
| 17 | SSC1 | Synchronous Serial Controller 1 | |
| 18 | TC0..TC5 | Timer Counter 0,1,2,3,4,5 | |
| 19 | PWM | Pulse Width Modulation Controller | |
| 20 | TSADCC | Touch Screen ADC Controller | |
| 21 | DMA | DMA Controller | |
| 22 | UHPHS | USB Host High Speed | |
| 23 | LCDC | LCD Controller | |
| 24 | AC97C | AC97 Controller | |
| 25 | EMAC | Ethernet MAC | |
| 26 | ISI | Image Sensor Interface | |
| 27 | UDPHS | USB Device High Speed | |
| 28 | Reserved | ||
| 29 | MCI1 | High Speed Multi Media Card Interface 1 | |
| 30 | Reserved | ||
| 31 | AIC | Advanced Interrupt Controller | IRQ |
Table B.1. Peripheral Identifiers
After the execution of the remap command the 4 GB physical address space is separated as shown in the following table. Accessing these addresses directly is only possible if the MMU (memory management unit) is deactivated. As soon as the MMU is activated the visible address space is changed completely. If absolute memory addresses should be accessed within an application, the corresponding address space has first to be mapped to the virtual address space using mmap or ioremap under Linux.
| Address (Hex) | Mnemonic | Function |
|---|---|---|
| 00 0000 | Boot Memory | NCS0 or internal ROM or internal SRAM (depending on BMS and REMAP) |
| 10 0000 | ITCM | Internal SRAM A 32 kByte, mapped for instructions |
| 20 0000 | DTCM | Internal SRAM B 32 kByte, mapped for data |
| 30 0000 | SRAM | Internal SRAM 64 kByte |
| 40 0000 | ROM | Internal ROM |
| 50 0000 | LCDC | LCD/TFT controller |
| 60 0000 | UDPHS | USB Device Port (DMA) |
| 70 0000 | USB OHCI | USB OHCI controller |
| 80 0000 | USB EHCI | USB EHCI controller |
| 1000 0000 | EBI_1 NCS0 | Chip Select 0 |
| 2000 0000 | EBI_1 NCS1 | Chip Select 1: DDRAM |
| 3000 0000 | EBI_1 NCS2 | Chip Select 2 |
| 4000 0000 | EBI_1 NCS3 | Chip Select 3: NAND |
| 5000 0000 | EBI_1 NCS4 | Chip Select 4: CF_1 |
| 6000 0000 | EBI_1 NCS5 | Chip Select 5: CF_2 |
| 7000 0000 | EBI_0 NCS0 | Chip Select 0: DDRAM |
| FFF7 8000 | UDPHS | USB Device Port |
| FFF7 C000 | TC0, TC1, TC2 | 3 Timer Counter, 16-Bit |
| FFF8 0000 | MCI_0 | Multimedia Card / SD-Card Interface #0 |
| FFF8 4000 | TWI_0 | Two Wire Interface #0(I2C) |
| FFF8 8000 | TWI_1 | Two Wire Interface #1(I2C) |
| FFF8 C000 | USART0 | Synchronous or Asynchronous Serial Port #0 |
| FFF9 0000 | USART1 | Synchronous or Asynchronous Serial Port #1 |
| FFF9 4000 | USART2 | Synchronous or Asynchronous Serial Port #2 |
| FFF9 8000 | USART3 | Synchronous or Asynchronous Serial Port #3 |
| FFF9 C000 | SSC0 | Serial Synchronous Controller #0(I2S) |
| FFFA 0000 | SSC1 | Serial Synchronous Controller #1(I2S) |
| FFFA 4000 | SPI0 | Serial Peripheral Interface #0 |
| FFFA 8000 | SPI1 | Serial Peripheral Interface #1 |
| FFFA C000 | AC97 | AC97 Interface |
| FFFB 0000 | TSADC | Touch Controller Interface |
| FFFB 4000 | ISI | Image Sensor Interface |
| FFFB 8000 | PWM | Pulse Width Modulator |
| FFFB C000 | EMAC | Ethernet Controller |
| FFFC C000 | TRNG | True Random Number Generator |
| FFFD 0000 | MCI_1 | Multimedia Card / SD-Card Interface #1 |
| FFFD 4000 | TC3, TC4, TC5 | 3 Timer Counter, 16-Bit |
| FFFF E200 | ECC | Error Correction Controller |
| FFFF E400 | DDRSDR | DDRAM Controller #1 |
| FFFF E600 | DDRSDR | DDRAM Controller #0 |
| FFFF E800 | SMC | Static Memory Controller |
| FFFF EA00 | MATRIX | Bus Matrix User Interface |
| FFFF EC00 | DMAC | Bus Matrix User Interface |
| FFFF EE00 | DBGU | Debug Unit, including UART |
| FFFF F000 | AIC | Advanced Interrupt Controller |
| FFFF F200 | PIOA | 32 Bit Parallel I/O Controller A |
| FFFF F400 | PIOB | 32 Bit Parallel I/O Controller B |
| FFFF F600 | PIOC | 32 Bit Parallel I/O Controller C |
| FFFF F800 | PIOD | 32 Bit Parallel I/O Controller D |
| FFFF FA00 | PIOE | 32 Bit Parallel I/O Controller E |
| FFFF FC00 | PMC | Power Management Controller |
| FFFF FD00 | RSTC | Reset Controller, Battery Powered |
| FFFF FD10 | SHDWC | Shutdown Controller, Battery Powered |
| FFFF FD20 | RTT | Real-time Timer 32 Bit, Battery Powered |
| FFFF FD30 | PIT | Periodic Interval Timer 32 Bit |
| FFFF FD40 | WDT | Watchdog Timer |
| FFFF FD50 | SCKCR | Serial Clock Register |
| FFFF FD60 | GPBR | 4 General Purpose Backup Registers |
Table C.1. Physical Address Space
| Pin | GPIO | Periph. A | Periph. B | Add. Function | Add. Function | Periph. B | Periph. A | GPIO | Pin | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | VMEM | VMEM | 2 | |||||||
| 3 | EBI1 A0/NBS0 | EBI1 A1/EBI1_NBS2/NWR2 | 4 | |||||||
| 5 | EBI1 A2 | EBI1 A3 | 6 | |||||||
| 7 | EBI1 A4 | EBI1 A5 | 8 | |||||||
| 9 | EBI1 A6 | EBI1 A7 | 10 | |||||||
| 11 | EBI1 A8 | EBI1 A9 | 12 | |||||||
| 13 | EBI1 A10 | EBI1 A11 | 14 | |||||||
| 15 | EBI1 A12 | EBI1 A13 | 16 | |||||||
| 17 | EBI1 A14 | EBI1 A15 | 18 | |||||||
| 19 | EBI1 A16/BA0 | EBI1 A17/BA1 | 20 | |||||||
| 21 | EBI1 A18 | EBI1 A19 | PC2 | 22 | ||||||
| 23 | PC3 | EBI1 A20 | EBI1 A21/NANDCLE | PC4 | 24 | |||||
| 25 | PC5 | EBI1 A22/NANDALE | EBI1 A23 | PC6 | 26 | |||||
| 27 | PC7 | EBI1 A24 | EBI1 A25/CFRNW | PC12 | 28 | |||||
| 29 | GND | GND | 30 | |||||||
| 31 | PD8 | AC97FS | TIOB5 | TCLK5 | AC97CK | PD9 | 32 | |||
| 33 | PD7 | AC97TX | TIOA5 | AC97RX | PD6 | 34 | ||||
| 35 | EBI1 NCS0 | EBI1 NCS1/SDCS | 36 | |||||||
| 37 | PC13 | EBI1 NCS2 | EBI1 NCS3/NANDCS | PC14 | 38 | |||||
| 39 | PC10 | EBI1 NCS4/CFCS0 | TCLK2 | CTS2 | EBI1 NCS5/CFCS1 | PC11 | 40 | |||
| 41 | PC0 | DQM2 | DQM3 | PC1 | 42 | |||||
| 43 | EBI1 NRD/CFOE | EBI1 NWR0/NWE/CFWE | 44 | |||||||
| 45 | EBI1 NWR1/NBS1/CFIOR | EBI1 NWR3/NBS3/CFIOW | 46 | |||||||
| 47 | PC8 | CFCE1 | RTS2 | CFCE2 | PC9 | 48 | ||||
| 49 | GND | GND | 50 | |||||||
| 51 | VCC | VCC | 52 | |||||||
| 53 | EBI1 D0 | EBI1 D1 | 54 | |||||||
| 55 | EBI1 D2 | EBI1 D3 | 56 | |||||||
| 57 | EBI1 D4 | EBI1 D5 | 58 | |||||||
| 59 | EBI1 D6 | EBI1 D7 | 60 | |||||||
| 61 | EBI1 D8 | EBI1 D9 | 62 | |||||||
| 63 | EBI1 D10 | EBI1 D11 | 64 | |||||||
| 65 | EBI1 D12 | EBI1 D13 | 66 | |||||||
| 67 | EBI1 D14 | EBI1 D15 | 68 | |||||||
| 69 | GND | GND | 70 | |||||||
| 71 | PB20 | ISI_D0 | ISI_D1 | PB21 | 72 | |||||
| 73 | PB22 | ISI_D2 | ISI_D3 | PB23 | 74 | |||||
| 75 | PB24 | ISI_D4 | ISI_D5 | PB25 | 76 | |||||
| 77 | PB26 | ISI_D6 | ISI_D7 | PB27 | 78 | |||||
| 79 | PB28 | ISI_PCK | ISI HSYNC | PB30 | 80 | |||||
| 81 | PB29 | ISI VSYNC | PCK1 | ISI MCK | PB31 | 82 | ||||
| 83 | PB8 | TXD3 | ISI_D8 | ISI_D9 | RXD3 | PB9 | 84 | |||
| 85 | PB10 | TWD1 | ISI_D10 | ISI_D11 | TWCK1 | PB11 | 86 | |||
| 87 | SHDN | WKUP | 88 | |||||||
| 89 | NRST | VBATT | 90 | |||||||
| 91 | RTCK | NWAIT | PC15 | 92 | ||||||
| 93 | NTRST | JTAGSEL | 94 | |||||||
| 95 | TDI | TMS | 96 | |||||||
| 97 | TDO | TCK | 98 | |||||||
| 99 | GND | GND | 100 | |||||||
Table D.1. Pin Assignment BUS Interface
| Pin | GPIO | Periph. A | Periph. B | Add. Function | Add. Function | Periph. B | Periph. A | GPIO | Pin | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | VCC | VCC | 2 | |||||||
| 3 | PA17 | ETXCK | ERXDV | PA15 | 4 | |||||
| 5 | PD22 | TIOA2 | TSAD2 | TSAD3 | TCLK0 | PD23 | 6 | |||
| 7 | BMS | TSADVREF | 8 | |||||||
| 9 | PE3 | LCD VSYNC | LCD HSYNC | PE4 | 10 | |||||
| 11 | PE5 | LCD DOTCK | LCDDEN | PE6 | 12 | |||||
| 13 | PE2 | LCDCC | LCDD2 | LCDD0 | PE7 | 14 | ||||
| 15 | PE8 | LCDD1 | LCDD3 | LCDD4 | LCDD2 | PE9 | 16 | |||
| 17 | PE10 | LCDD3 | LCDD5 | LCDD6 | LCDD4 | PE11 | 18 | |||
| 19 | PE12 | LCDD5 | LCDD7 | LCDD10 | LCDD6 | PE13 | 20 | |||
| 21 | PE14 | LCDD7 | LCDD11 | LCDD12 | LCDD8 | PE15 | 22 | |||
| 23 | PE16 | LCDD9 | LCDD13 | LCDD14 | LCDD10 | PE17 | 24 | |||
| 25 | GND | GND | 26 | |||||||
| 27 | PE18 | LCDD11 | LCDD15 | LCDD18 | LCDD12 | PE19 | 28 | |||
| 29 | PE20 | LCDD13 | LCDD19 | LCDD20 | LCDD14 | PE21 | 30 | |||
| 31 | PE22 | LCDD15 | LCDD21 | LCDD22 | LCDD16 | PE23 | 32 | |||
| 33 | PE24 | LCDD17 | LCDD23 | LCDD18 | PE25 | 34 | ||||
| 35 | PE26 | LCDD19 | LCDD20 | PE27 | 36 | |||||
| 37 | PE28 | LCDD21 | LCDD22 | PE29 | 38 | |||||
| 39 | PE30 | LCDD23 | SPI0 SPCK | PB2 | 40 | |||||
| 41 | PB0 | SPI0 MISO | SPI0 MOSI | PB1 | 42 | |||||
| 43 | PB3 | SPI0 NPCS0 | GPAD4 | PWM0 | SPI0 NPCS1 | PD24 | 44 | |||
| 45 | PD25 | SPI0 NPCS2 | PWM1 | GPAD5 | SPI1 NPCS1 | TSADTRG | PD28 | 46 | ||
| 47 | PA20 | TWD0 | TWCK0 | PA21 | 48 | |||||
| 49 | GND | GND | 50 | |||||||
| 51 | VCC | VCC | 52 | |||||||
| 53 | PB19 | TXD0 | SPI0 NPCS2 | SPI0 NPCS1 | RXD0 | PB18 | 54 | |||
| 55 | PB17 | SPI1 NPCS0 | RTS0 | CTS0 | SPI1 MOSI | PB15 | 56 | |||
| 57 | PA6 | MCI0 DA4 | ETX2 | ETX3 | MCI0 DA5 | PA7 | 58 | |||
| 59 | PA8 | MCI0 DA6 | ERX2 | ERX3 | MCI0 DA7 | PA9 | 60 | |||
| 61 | PB4 | TXD1 | RXD1 | PB5 | 62 | |||||
| 63 | PD16 | RTS1 | CTS1 | PD17 | 64 | |||||
| 65 | PB6 | TXD2 | RXD2 | PB7 | 66 | |||||
| 67 | PD20 | TIOA0 | TSAD0 | TSAD1 | TIOA1 | PD21 | 68 | |||
| 69 | PB13 | DTXD | DRXD | PB12 | 70 | |||||
| 71 | PD29 | TCLK1 | SCK1 | GPAD6 | PWM2 | PCK0 | PD26 | 72 | ||
| 73 | PD14 | TF1 | RF1 | PD15 | 74 | |||||
| 75 | PD12 | TK1 | PCK0 | RK1 | PD13 | 76 | ||||
| 77 | PD10 | TD1 | RD1 | PD11 | 78 | |||||
| 79 | PA1 | MCI0 CDA | TIOA3 | TCLK3 | MCI0 CK | PA0 | 80 | |||
| 81 | PA2 | MCI0 DA0 | TIOB3 | TCLK4 | MCI0 DA1 | PA3 | 82 | |||
| 83 | PA4 | MCI0 DA2 | TIOA4 | TIOB4 | MCI0 DA3 | PA5 | 84 | |||
| 85 | HDMA | HDPA | 86 | |||||||
| 87 | HDMB | HDPB | 88 | |||||||
| 89 | DDM | DDP | 90 | |||||||
| 91 | GND | GND | 92 | |||||||
| 93 | PA10 | ETX0 | ETX1 | PA11 | 94 | |||||
| 95 | PA12 | ERX0 | ERX1 | PA13 | 96 | |||||
| 97 | PA16 | ERXER | ETXEN | PA14 | 98 | |||||
| 99 | PA18 | EMDC | EMDIO | PA19 | 100 | |||||
Table D.2. Pin Assignment IO Interface
Ambient temperature 25℃, unless otherwise indicated
| Symbol | Description | Parameter | Min. | Typ. | Max | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VCC | Operating Voltage | 3.0 | 3.3 | 3.6 | V | |
| VMEM | Memory Bus Voltage | 1.65 | 1.8 | 1.95 | V | |
| VRES | Reset Treshhold | 2.9 | V | |||
| TRES | Duration of Reset Pulse | 150 | 280 | ms | ||
| VIH | High-Level Input Voltage | 3.3V | 2.0 | VCC + 0.3 | V | |
| (PIOC4 - PIOC31) 1.8V | 1.26 | 2.1 | V | |||
| VIL | Low-Level Input Voltage | 3.3V | -0.3 | 0.8 | V | |
| (PIOC4 - PIOC31) 1.8V | -0.3 | 0.54 | V | |||
| P | Normal Operation | 345 | mW | |||
| Full Load | max. | 457 | mW | |||
| Stand-By | 266 | mW | ||||
| Power-Down | 125 | mW | ||||
| VBATT | Battery Voltage | 2.0 | 3.0 | VCC | V | |
| IBATT | Battery Current | Ambient temp. = 25℃ | 5 | µA | ||
| Ambient temp. = 70℃ | 17 | µA | ||||
| Ambient temp. = 85℃ | 22 | µA |
Table E.1. Electrical Characteristics
| Symbol | Description | Dependency | Tolerance | Typical Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MAINCK | Main Oscillator frequency | 12.000 | MHz | ||
| SLCK | Slow Clock | 32.768 | KHz | ||
| PLLACK | PLLA Clock | MAINCK | 800.000 | MHz | |
| PCK | Processor Clock | PLLACK | 400.000 | MHz | |
| MCK | Master Clock | PCK | 133.000 | MHz | |
| DDCK | DDRAM Clock | MCK | 266.000 | MHz | |
| BCK | Baudrate Clock | MCK | 1.5% | 8.25(max) | MHz |
| UPLLCK | USB Clock | MAINCK | 0.25% | 480.000 | MHz |
Table F.1. Clock Characteristics
